Defining crash configurations for Powered Two-Wheelers: Comparing ISO 13232 to recent in-depth crash data from Germany, India and China

The motorcyclist safety standard ISO 13232, based on crash data from Europe and the USA 1970s, still sets direction for development evaluation of protective measures today. However, it is unclear how relevant configurations in are to present-day motorcycle crashes Europe, other parts world. We analyzed recent in-depth Germany, India China, examining powered two-wheeler (PTW) which at least one police-reported serious injury was present. After assessing relevance ISO’s PTW those we found each country, suggested new guide systems that would be more effective reducing PTW-related fatalities injuries. In all three databases, passenger cars were among top two most frequent collision partners a car front impacting side common configuration. Notably, although collisions with trucks constituted scenario ground impact (primary collision) both Germany India, did not include either Further, seven configurations, stationary, stationary rare our data. Our results show do represent road or China. Chinese database confined partner four wheels. weighting factors these available, so could extrapolate frequency across entire population. A revised version serve as basis full-scale test program. observed differences between countries imply single global may feasible. To optimize system, recommend inclusion region country interest—in addition occurring frequently around